PENTOBARBITAL (pen-toe-bar'bi-tal) PENTOBARBITAL SODIUM Nembutal Sodium, Novopentobarb ![]() Classifications: anxiolytic; sedative-hypnotic; barbiturate; anticonvulsant; Therapeutic: antianxiety; sedative-hypnotic; anticonvulsant Prototype: Secobarbital Pregnancy Category: D Controlled Substance: Schedule II |
50 mg/mL injection
Short-acting barbiturate with anticonvulsant properties. Potent respiratory depressant. Initially, barbiturates suppress REM sleep, but with chronic therapy REM sleep returns to normal.
Effective as a sedative and hypnotic and anticonvulsant. CNS depression may range from mild sedation to coma, depending on dosage, degree of nervous system excitability, and drug tolerance.
Sedative or hypnotic for preanesthetic medication, induction of general anesthesia, adjunct in manipulative or diagnostic procedures, and emergency control of acute convulsions.
History of sensitivity to barbiturates; parturition, fetal immaturity, uncontrolled pain; ethanol intoxication; hepatic encephalopathy; porphyria; pregnancy (category D), lactation.
COPD, sleep apnea; heart failure; mental status changes, suicidality, major depression; neonates; renal impairment, renal failure.
Preoperative Sedation Adult: IM 150200 mg in 2 divided doses Child: IV 13 mg/kg (max: 100 mg) Hypnotic Adult: IM 150200 mg IV 100 mg q13min up to 500 mg dose Child: IM 26 mg/kg (max: 100 mg) Status Epilepticus Adult: IV 215 mg/kg loading, then 0.53 mg/kg/h Child: IM 515 mg/kg loading, then 0.55 mg/kg/h |
Note: Do not give within 14 d of starting/stopping an MAO inhibitor.
IntramuscularIntravenous PREPARE: Direct: Give undiluted or diluted (preferred) with sterile water, D5W, NS, or other compatible IV solutions. ADMINISTER: Direct: Give slowly. Do not exceed rate of 50 mg/min. INCOMPATIBILITIES Solution/additive: Atropine, butorphanol, chlorpheniramine, chlorpromazine, cimetidine, codeine, dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, droperidol, ephedrine, fentanyl, glycopyrrolate, hydrocortisone, hydroxyzine, inulin, levorphanol, meperidine, methadone, midazolam, morphine, nalbuphine, norepinephrine, tetracyclines, penicillin G, pentazocine, perphenazine, phenytoin, promazine, prochlorperazine, promethazine, ranitidine, sodium bicarbonate, streptomycin, succinylcholine, triflupromazine, vancomycin. Y-site: Amphotericin B cholesteryl, fenoldopam, TPN.
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