WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ADHD AND ADD?

ADHD vs ADD: What's the Difference?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) are often used interchangeably, but there is a significant difference between them. This article aims to clarify these differences and provide an in-depth understanding of both conditions.

Understanding ADHD vs ADD Explained

The terms ADHD and ADD have been used differently over time. Historically, ADD referred to the inattentive subtype of ADHD without hyperactivity, while ADHD encompassed all subtypes including those with hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. However, current diagnostic criteria use only the term ADHD.

Key Differences Between ADHD & ADD

The primary difference lies in how these conditions are diagnosed and treated today. While ADD is no longer a recognized diagnosis by the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), it's still commonly used to describe individuals with predominantly inattentive symptoms.

Unpacking the Similarities and Differences of ADHD & ADD

Symptoms:

• Inattention: Both conditions involve difficulty focusing, staying organized, and completing tasks.
• Hyperactivity: This is a key feature in ADHD but not typically associated with ADD. People with hyperactive symptoms may fidget, talk excessively, or have trouble sitting still.

Treatment:

• ADHD: Treatment often includes stimulant medications like methylphenidate (Ritalin) and non-stimulants such as atomoxetine (Strattera).
• ADD: Since ADD is no longer a formal diagnosis, treatment follows the same guidelines as ADHD.

Breaking Down ADHD and ADD Variations

The DSM-5 categorizes ADHD into three subtypes: predominantly inattentive presentation, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation, and combined type. The inattentive subtype is often referred to colloquially as "ADD."

What Separates ADHD from ADD?

Inattentive Subtype:

• Frequent daydreaming
• Lack of attention to detail
• Difficulty following instructions or completing tasks

Hyperactive-Impulsive Subtype:

• Trouble sitting still
• Fidgeting and squirming
• Interrupting others frequently

Clarifying the Confusion Between ADHD and ADD

The confusion arises from historical usage of "ADD" to describe individuals who primarily exhibit inattentive symptoms without hyperactivity. However, modern diagnostic criteria use only the term ADHD.

Sorting Out Symptoms: ADHD vs ADD

Inattention:

• Difficulty sustaining attention on tasks or play activities
• Frequently losing things necessary for tasks or activities (e.g., toys, school assignments, pencils)

Hyperactivity and Impulsivity:

• Talking excessively
• Difficulty waiting their turn in games or group situations

The Distinction Between ADHD & ADD Explained

The distinction lies primarily in the presence of hyperactivity. Individuals diagnosed with ADHD may exhibit both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, while those previously described as having "ADD" would have predominantly inattentive symptoms.

Distinguishing Characteristics of ADHD & ADD

ADHD:

• Includes both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity
• Treatment may involve medication, therapy, or a combination

ADD (Inattentive ADHD):

• Focused on inattentive symptoms without hyperactivity
• Treatment follows the same guidelines as ADHD

Comparing Symptoms of ADHD and ADD

Inattention:

• Difficulty paying close attention to details or making careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or during other activities
• Failing to follow through on instructions and failing to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (not due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand instructions)

Hyperactivity-Impulsivity:

• Fidgeting with hands or feet or squirming in seat
• Talking excessively
• Difficulty waiting their turn

Conclusion

In summary, while the terms ADHD and ADD are often used interchangeably, it's important to understand that "ADD" is no longer a formal diagnosis. Instead, individuals who exhibit predominantly inattentive symptoms without hyperactivity would be diagnosed with Inattentive Type ADHD. Understanding these distinctions can help in seeking appropriate treatment and support for those affected by these conditions.