BCG 
vaccine appears to slightly increase the 
half-life of 
theophylline. Normally influenza 
vaccines (whole-virion, split-virion and surface 
antigen) do not interact with 
theophylline, but raised 
theophylline levels and 
toxicity have been seen in occasional cases. 
 It seems possible that the occasional patient may develop some signs of 
theophylline toxicity, especially if their 
serum levels are already towards the top end of the therapeutic range, but most patients are unlikely to be affected.