CEFTIBUTEN
| CEFTIBUTEN (sef-ti-bu'ten) Cedax Classifications: beta-lactam antibiotic; third-generation cephalosporin; Therapeutic:antibiotic; cephalosporin Prototype: Cefotaxime sodium Pregnancy Category: B |
Availability
400 mg capsules; 90 mg/5 mL, 180 mg/5 mL suspension
Action
Ceftibuten is a broad-spectrum, third-generation beta-lactam antibiotic. Preferentially binds to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins located in the cell wall of susceptible organisms. This inhibits third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis, thus killing the bacterium. It is highly resistant to hydrolysis by most beta-lactamase bacteria.
Therapeutic Effect
It has antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
Uses
Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or S. pneumoniae; acute bacterial otitis media caused by H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, or S. pyogenes; pharyngitis or tonsillitis caused by S. pyogenes.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to ceftibuten or cephalosporins.
Cautious Use
Renal dysfunction, penicillin hypersensitivity, history of colitis or diabetes; GI disease; coagulopathy; pregnancy (category B), lactation. Safety and efficacy in infants <6 mo not established.
Route & Dosage
| Mild to Moderate Infections Adult: PO 400 mg once daily for 10 d Renal Impairment Clcr 30–49 mL/min: 200 mg q24h; <30 mL/min: 100 mg q24h Child (6 mo–12 y): PO 9 mg/kg once daily (max: 400 mg) for 10 d Renal Impairment Clcr 30–49 mL/min: 4.5 mg/kg q24h; <30 mL/min: 2.25 mg/kg q24h |
Administration
Oral- Give oral suspension 1 h before or 2 h after a meal.
- Children weighing more than 45 kg may receive maximum daily dose.
- Hemodialysis patients should receive drug at the end of dialysis.
- Store capsules at 2°–25° C (36°–77° F); keep container tightly closed. Reconstituted oral suspension is stable for 14 d under refrigeration at 2°–8° C (36°–46° F).
Adverse Effects (≥1%)
Body as a Whole: Dyspnea, dysuria, fatigue, vaginitis, moniliasis, urticaria, pruritus, rash, paresthesia, taste perversion. GI: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, anorexia, constipation, dry mouth, eructation, flatulence. CNS: Headache, dizziness, nasal congestion, somnolence.Interactions
Drug: aminoglycosides may increase risk of nephrotoxicity and have additive/synergistic effects. May decrease efficacy of oral contraceptives. Probenecid may increase levels.Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Rapidly from GI tract. Peak: Approx. 2–3 h. Distribution: Bronchial mucosa levels are approx 37% of plasma levels, middle ear levels approx 50% of plasma levels. Elimination: Primarily in urine. Half-Life: 1.5–2.5 h.Nursing Implications
Assessment & Drug Effects
- Determine history of hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins, penicillins, or other drugs, before therapy is initiated. Monitor for S&S of hypersensitivity (see Appendix F); report their appearance promptly and discontinue drug.
- Lab tests: Perform culture and sensitivity tests before initiation of therapy. Dosage may be started pending test results.
- Monitor for S&S of superinfection or pseudomembranous colitis (see Appendix F); immediately report either to physician.
- Closely monitor patients with renal impairment; if seizures develop, discontinue drug and notify physician.
Patient & Family Education
- If on dialysis treatment, take this drug after dialysis.
- Report any S&S of hypersensitivity, superinfection, and pseudomembranous colitis promptly.
Common adverse effects in italic, life-threatening effects underlined; generic names in bold; classifications in SMALL CAPS; 
Canadian drug name; 
Prototype drug