The bioavailability of oral 
midazolam was increased by 50% by 
echinacea in one study although another study found no effects. In contrast, the clearance of 
intravenous midazolam appears to be increased by 
echinacea. 
 The 
clinical importance of this interaction is uncertain. Bear it in mind if 
intravenous midazolam effects are reduced, or oral 
midazolam effects are increased.