ATROPINE SULFATE (a'troe-peen) Atropair Classifications: anticholinergic; antimuscarinic; antiarrhythmic; Therapeutic: anticholinergic; antimuscarinic; antiarrhythmic Pregnancy Category: C |
0.4 mg tablets; 0.05 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, 0.3 mg/mL, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.8 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL injection
Acts by selectively blocking all muscarinic responses to acetylcholine (ACh), whether excitatory or inhibitory. Antisecretory action (vagolytic effect) suppresses sweating, lacrimation, salivation, and secretions from nose, mouth, pharynx, and bronchi.
Potent bronchodilator when bronchoconstriction has been induced by parasympathomimetics, and decreases bronchial secretions. Decreases GI spasm. Produces mydriasis and cycloplegia by blocking responses of iris sphincter muscle and ciliary muscle of lens to cholinergic stimulation. Blocks vagal impulses to heart with resulting decrease in AV conduction time, increase in heart rate and cardiac output, and shortened PR interval.
Adjunct in symptomatic treatment of GI disorders (e.g., peptic ulcer, pylorospasm, GI hypermotility, irritable bowel syndrome) and spastic disorders of biliary tract. Relaxes upper GI tract and colon during hypotonic radiography. Ophthalmic Use: To produce mydriasis and cycloplegia before refraction and for treatment of anterior uveitis and iritis. Preoperative Use: To suppress salivation, perspiration, and respiratory tract secretions; to reduce incidence of laryngospasm, reflex bradycardia arrhythmia, and hypotension during general anesthesia. Cardiac Uses: For sinus bradycardia or asystole during CPR or that is induced by drugs or toxic substances (e.g., pilocarpine, beta-adrenergic blockers, organophosphate pesticides, and Amanita mushroom poisoning); for management of selected patients with symptomatic sinus bradycardia and associated hypotension and ventricular irritability; for diagnosis of sinus node dysfunction and in evaluation of coronary artery disease during atrial pacing; for management of chronic symptomatic sinus node dysfunction. Other Uses: Oral inhalation for short-term treatment and prevention of bronchospasms associated with asthma, bronchitis, and COPD and as drying agent in upper respiratory infection. Adjunctive therapy for hypermotility of GI tract.
Hypersensitivity to belladonna alkaloids; synechiae; angle-closure glaucoma; parotitis; obstructive uropathy (e.g., bladder neck obstruction caused by prostatic hypertrophy); intestinal atony, paralytic ileus, achalasia, pyloric stenosis, obstructive diseases of GI tract, severe ulcerative colitis, toxic megacolon; tachycardia secondary to cardiac insufficiency or thyrotoxicosis; acute hemorrhage; acute MI; myasthenia gravis; pregnancy (category C).
Myocardial infarction, hypertension, hypotension; coronary artery disease, CHF, tachyarrhythmias; gastric ulcer, GI infections, hiatal hernia with reflux esophagitis; hyperthyroidism; COPD; autonomic neuropathy; hepatic or renal disease; older adults; debilitated patients; children <6 y of age; Down syndrome; autonomic neuropathy, spastic paralysis, brain damage in children; patients exposed to high environmental temperatures; patients with fever.
Preanesthesia Adult: IV/IM/SC 0.40.6 mg 3060 min before surgery Child: IV/IM/SC <5 kg, 0.04 mg/kg; >5 kg, 0.03 mg/kg 3060 min before surgery (max: 0.4 mg) Bradyarrhythmias Adult: IV/IM 1 mg q23 min (max: 3 mg) Child: IV/IM 0.010.03 mg/kg for 12 doses Organophosphate Antidote Adult: IV/IM 12 mg q560min until muscarinic signs and symptoms subside (may need up to 50 mg) Child: IV/IM 0.05 mg/kg q1030min until muscarinic signs and symptoms subside COPD Adult: Inhalation 0.025 mg/kg diluted with 35 mL saline, via nebulizer 34 times daily (max: 2.5 mg/d) Child: Inhalation 0.030.05 mg/kg diluted with 35 mL saline, via nebulizer 34 times daily Uveitis Adult/Child: Ophthalmic 12 drops of solution or small amount of ointment in eye up to t.i.d. Cycloplegia Adult: Ophthalmic 1 drop of solution or small amount of ointment in eye 1 h before the procedure Child: Ophthalmic 12 drops in eye b.i.d. for 13 d prior to procedure or a small amount of ointment in conjunctival sac t.i.d. for 13 d prior to procedure with last dose applied several hours before the procedure |
Intravenous PREPARE: Direct: Give undiluted or diluted in up to 10 mL of sterile water. ADMINISTER: Direct: Give 1 mg or fraction thereof over 1 min directly into a Y-site. INCOMPATIBILITIES Solution/additive: Pantoprazole. |
Upper GI series: Findings may require qualification because of anticholinergic effects of atropine (reduced gastric motility and delayed gastric emptying). PSP excretion test: Atropine may decrease urinary excretion of PSP (phenolsulfonphthalein).
Assessment & Drug Effects
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